The Himalayas stretch in an arc 3,000 kilometers around Northern Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, and the northwestern and northeastern parts of India. The Himalayas include all of the mountains that peak higher than 8,000 meters and some of the deepest river gorges. The Kali Gandaki River between Annapurna and Dhaulagiri mountains have been a effective barrier for the species found in this area. The rise of the Himalayan Mountains from less than 500 meters to more than 8,000 meters results in a large diversity in only a couple hundred meters. The types of ecosystems found in this region are alluvial grasslands, subtropical broadleaf forest, temperate broadleaf forests, mixed conifer forests, and alpine meadows.
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